8/10/2023 0 Comments Peek material full formIn dentistry, PEEK is most common since it has outstanding properties, such as excellent biocompatibility, non-cytotoxical and bio-inert behavior, favorable mechanical properties, radio translucency, bone-like Young’s modulus of 3–4 GPa and low plaque affinity and chemical stability. PAEKs are semi-crystalline linear aromatic thermoplastics, whereby the number of ether and ketone bindings provides different variants, such as polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK), which have slightly different mechanical and thermal properties. Since 2013, FLM is suitable for processing high-performance polymers from the group of polyaryletherketone (PAEK). There are several different 3D printing techniques in dentistry such as stereolithography (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), digital light processing (DLP), and fused layer manufacturing (FLM). ĪM is used in a digital workflow since the 1980s and consists of data acquisition (e.g., intraoral scan of patient teeth), designing the desired object by a CAD (computer-aided-design) software, dividing the object into many layers by a slicing software, and finally computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) with a 3D printing machine. The mostly required postprocessing (e.g., removal of support structures, surface polishing) and an anisotropic behavior (mechanical properties depend on the printing direction) have to be mentioned as disadvantages. One of the biggest advantages is that patient-individual parts can be developed and produced with a minimum of time, amount of material, and cost. There are many advantages of 3D printing in dentistry, which improve the daily work of a dentist or dental technician and also the quality of patient life. AM is also applied successfully in dental research, education, and training. Already today, 3D printing has a wide range of applications, such as dental restorations, implants, surgical guides, orthodontic devices, and physical models. Clinical relevanceģD printing of inlays out of PEEK via FLM provided promising results in mechanics, but improvements in terms of precision and esthetics will be required to be practicable in vivo to represent an alternative dental material.Īdditive manufacturing (AM), also known as rapid prototyping, includes the manufacturing by 3D printing and enables the development of new material classes with more efficient and material-saving fabrication processes. ConclusionsĪll 3D printed and milled indirect PEEK inlays as well as the direct resin composite fillings presented a higher fracture load than the expected physiological and maximum chewing forces. All indirect restorations revealed a tooth fracture (75–100%), direct resin composite fillings showed a restoration fracture (87.5%), and 50% of the sound teeth fractured completely or had cusp fractures. With regard to Weibull modulus, KET presented a lower value after chewing simulation than JUV, whereas TET had the highest value without chewing simulation. Chewing simulation indicated no impact ( p = 0.132). ResultsĮSS and TET demonstrated the lowest fracture load with a minimum of 956 N, whereas sound molars showed the highest values of up to 2981 N. Statistical analyses using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and two-way ANOVA with partial eta squared (η p 2) followed by Scheffé post hoc test, chi square test and Weibull modulus m with 95% confidence interval were computed ( p < 0.05). Fracture load and fracture types of all molars were determined. Half of the specimens of each group ( n = 8) were treated in a chewing simulator combined with thermal cycling (1.2 million × 50 N 12,000 × 5 ☌/55 ☌). Sound teeth (7) acted as positive control group. Materials and methodsĪ total of 112 molars with form congruent class I cavities were restored with ( n = 16/group) 3D printed indirect PEEK inlays via fused layer manufacturing (FLM): (1) Essentium PEEK (ESS), (2) KetaSpire PEEK MS-NT1 (KET), (3) VESTAKEEP i4 G (VES), (4) VICTREX PEEK 450G (VIC), (5) milled indirect PEEK inlays JUVORA Dental Disc 2 (JUV), and (6) direct resin composite fillings out of Tetric EvoCeram (TET). The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate fracture load, fracture types, and impact of chewing simulation of human molars restored with 3D printed indirect polyetheretherketone (PEEK) inlays and compare these with milled indirect PEEK inlays, direct resin composite fillings, and sound teeth.
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